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What Diseases Can You Get From Floodwater Exposure?

Last updated October 26, 2026

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The short answer

Common Illnesses

Floodwater often contains sewage, chemicals, and animal waste, raising the risk of infection. Gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea and vomiting can come from ingesting contaminated water, even accidentally. Skin contact can lead to rashes or wounds that become infected with bacteria such as staph or strep.

Respiratory problems may develop if you inhale mold spores or contaminated dust after flooding. Leptospirosis, a bacterial infection from animal urine, can cause fever, headache, and muscle pain. Tetanus is a concern if you have a cut that touches floodwater. Always wash thoroughly and monitor any symptoms.

  • Stomach cramps and diarrhea
  • Skin rashes or infected cuts
  • Fever and chills
  • Cough or shortness of breath
  • Eye irritation or redness

Protective Measures

Wear rubber boots, gloves, and a mask when entering flooded areas. Avoid touching your face and wash hands with soap and clean water after any contact. Cover any open wounds with waterproof bandages before entering the area.

If you must handle items from floodwater, use tools and avoid direct skin contact. Discard anything porous that cannot be cleaned, such as carpet and drywall. Keep children and pets away from flooded spaces until the area is dry and cleaned.

  • Use protective gear at all times
  • Wash hands frequently
  • Disinfect surfaces with bleach solution
  • Dry out the area within 48 hours
  • Never mix cleaning products

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you develop fever, persistent vomiting, diarrhea lasting more than a day, or signs of infection like redness, swelling, or pus. Tetanus boosters are recommended if you have a puncture wound and your last shot was over five years ago.

Tell the doctor about your floodwater exposure so they can test for specific illnesses. Early treatment for bacterial infections like leptospirosis is important. See a doctor if you feel unwell, even if symptoms seem mild.

  • Fever over 100.4F
  • Blood in stool or vomit
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Signs of skin infection
  • Yellowing of skin or eyes

Cleaning After Flooding

After the water recedes, remove all standing water and dry the area completely. Use fans and dehumidifiers to speed up drying. Discard any items that cannot be thoroughly cleaned, such as mattresses, upholstered furniture, and food that touched floodwater.

Wear protective gear while cleaning. Use a bleach solution of one cup bleach per gallon of water to disinfect hard surfaces. Be cautious with electrical equipment and never use wet appliances until they are inspected by a professional.

  • Remove soaked carpet and padding
  • Clean walls and floors with disinfectant
  • Throw away all contaminated food
  • Wash clothes and linens in hot water
  • Ventilate the area during cleaning

Long-Term Health Risks

Mold can grow within days in damp areas, leading to allergic reactions and asthma flare-ups. Even after visible drying, hidden moisture in walls and under floors can cause problems. Watch for musty odors and discoloration, which signal mold growth.

If you have underlying health conditions like asthma or a weakened immune system, consider having a mold professional assess the space. The pros can handle contaminated water cleanup and structural drying. For extensive flooding, a professional inspection helps ensure the area is safe.

  • Monitor for mold growth
  • Check for structural damage
  • Replace air filters regularly
  • Seek help for persistent symptoms
  • Keep records of clean-up efforts

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Frequently asked questions

Can tetanus come from floodwater exposure?

Yes, tetanus bacteria can enter through cuts or puncture wounds exposed to floodwater. If you have a wound and your tetanus shot is not current, see a doctor. A booster may be needed within 48 hours.

How soon do floodwater illness symptoms appear?

Symptoms vary by illness. Gastrointestinal issues can start within hours to a few days. Leptospirosis symptoms may appear 2 to 30 days after exposure. Watch for fever, headache, and muscle aches, and seek medical advice if you feel unwell.

Is it safe to clean floodwater yourself?

Minor flooding with clean water may be manageable, but floodwater is often contaminated. If you do clean, wear protective gear and disinfect thoroughly. For large areas or sewage contamination, the pros should handle it to reduce health risks.

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